The French And Russian Revolutions - 1598 Words

The French and Russian Revolutions featured hated monarchies, fascinating rumors, and allusive innuendos which made them both very interesting. In fact, in both revolutions, the murder of the royal family was one of the more historic events of the war. In France at the time of the revolution, the rulers were Marie Antoinette-born Marie Antoine-from Austria, and Louis XVI-born Louis-Auguste. The two were married when Marie Antoinette was fourteen and Louis was fifteen. In Russia at the time of their revolution, the rulers were Victoria Alix Helena Louise Beatrice- also called Alexandra Feodorovna-whose entire family, with the exception of her sister, Ella, died from a disease and was then subsequently raised by Queen Victoria, and Nikolai†¦show more content†¦Interestingly, both monarchies treated the peasants kindly and generously as well. For example, Marie Antoinette adopted children to help give them better lives, and the Tsarina of Russia helped out at charities. Additi onal similarities included the feelings of hatred the peasants had of their monarchies, the peasants’ desire to emulate the beauty standards of Marie Antoinette and her outlandish hairstyles, and the harsh and savage treatment of the monarchies after the war. Some differences included the leadership skills of the monarchies, or lack thereof, the methods of each execution, and the paths the countries took after the revolutions, for example, Russia took a communistic path and France took a dictatorial path. These parallels and contrasts present remarkable insights into the relationships between the revolutions. Before the French Revolution and Russian Revolution, the general public of each country thought about their rulers and their ruler’s actions in a certain way. For example, people in France thought (and knew) that Louis XVI of France was â€Å"... not raised to be a king.† In fact, Louis XVI’s older brother was supposed to take over the kingdom, but h e died leaving Louis in his place. Similarly, the leadership skills of Nicholas of Russia were questioned from an early age. Many knew that â€Å"People acquainted with Nicholas were, in fact, alarmed

Societies of Chesapeake Bay and New England Colonies Free Essays

Societies of Chesapeake Bay and New England Colonies Many settlers who came to the New World from Britain in the early seventeenth century sought to establish a settlement for motives including economic and religious freedom in areas such as Chesapeake Bay colonies that comprised of Virginia and Maryland colonies and the New England colonies that consisted of Connecticut, Maine, and Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. Settlers who often came to these regions came with varying motivations, settled into different regions that had varying geographies, and encountered different circumstances. Through the passing of time, these particular distinctions would contribute into casting the two regions into two distinct societies. We will write a custom essay sample on Societies of Chesapeake Bay and New England Colonies or any similar topic only for you Order Now While those who settled in the early sixteenth centuries in the New England and Chesapeake Bay colonies were mostly settled by the English, on the contrary to what most believe, these two regions developed into two distinct societies by the eighteenth century. These societies were able to be characterized through their differences in many aspects of society including politically, economically, socially, and educationally. One aspect that illustrates difference between the Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies was the social differences that the two regions developed. For example, in the Chesapeake region, disease such as dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria ravaged through the area. Unclean air and the hot climate further spread disease amongst the settlers. These factors had larger implications for Chesapeake colony society. With the combination of these factors, an individual living in the Chesapeake often had their life cut short by an average of ten years than an individual in the New England colony. As a result of shorter life spans, many families were disunited as widows were left with young children to support. Thus, women had a greater status than women in the New England colonies. Women of the Chesapeake region were able to inherit their husband’s estates and were issued a different property title. Disease also affected the population growth of the Chesapeake region. Since disease was widespread and many women did not migrate to the region, fertility rates were low. However, in the New England colonies, where a combination of clean air and colder climate helped decrease the risk of diseases, an individual tended to outlive their ounterpart in the Chesapeake region. Furthermore, settlers tended to migrate as families to the New England colonies, so the population was able to grow quicker. With a longer life, an individual could see the upbringing of their grandchildren. They had a pivotal role in ensuring the children grew up in a nurturing environment and that these c hildren followed the morale and guidelines of society. Early marriage and high fertility rates contributed in a booming birthrate. These facets contributed to the creation a strong, tranquil social structure of the New England colonies. Also unlike their Chesapeake counterparts, women in the New England colonies gave up there property rights when they married because Puritan lawmakers worried that recognizing women’s separate rights would cause conflicts between the husband and wife. As illustrated through these examples, New England and Chesapeake colonies were varied through social aspects of their societies. Another aspect in which the two regions differentiated in were economically. For example, in New England colonies, where there was not much arable land, the settlers were forced to depend on more livestock such as pigs, cattle, and sheep. Nonetheless, the settlers were able to create a small varied assortment of crops from the little land that they had. Furthermore, settlers of the New England region developed other industries such as developing their coastlines and built them for use as harbors for industries such as fishing and shipbuilding. In contrast to the New England region, the Chesapeake Bay colonies were quite different economically. The colonies of this region were much more dependent on agriculture economically. The settlers widely grew the addictive tobacco plant after John Rolfe (settler of the Virginia colony and the husband of Pocahantas) improved the bitterness of the plant. Thus, the demand for the plant grew steadily in England. This dependency on agriculture would eventually advance where individuals would create plantation system in order to meet the demands. Once again, as illustrated, Chesapeake and the New England region were different through their economic standards is one of the way that these two regions developed into distinct societies. These different economic characteristics eventually leads to another differentiation in these two colonial societies. In addition to these two societies differing economically and socially, these colonial regions also differed in the political aspects. For instance, in the New England colonies, especially in the colony of Connecticut, the government was based on a town system. The congregational Puritan churches of the region were where the adult men would gather and vote. The New England villagers voted on aspects such as electing their officials, appointing schoolmasters, as well as discussing daily matters. The colonists of this region saw sovereignty as being in the towns. The colonists also adopted this idea as a result of their conviction of unity for purpose. Conversely, the governments of the Chesapeake region operated more on a county system such as that of the House of Burgesses, where the colonists met on a yearly basis. This was a result of the people being spread out from their use of the plantation that tended to distribute the population throughout the region. As demonstrated, the New England colonies form of government varied widely from the Chesapeake form of government. New England’s use of the town meeting system and the Chesapeake colonies use of the county system show the differing political viewpoints, just one of the aspects that defined the two regions as two different distinct societies. Although the Chesapeake and New England colonies were considered monolithic when they were first settled in the early sixteenth century, the passing of time would eventually these regions into two distinctive societies. Those differences that define the characteristics of these two societies are essential because they play an essential role in the creation in several facets United States history such as the development of the government (as later shown in history through Roger Sherman‘s Connecticut Compromise) and social and political issues such as slavery. The Chesapeake Bay and New England colonies were indeed significant regions; even though they varied in many aspects, played a significant role in shaping the attitudes of American society later in the nation’s history. How to cite Societies of Chesapeake Bay and New England Colonies, Essay examples

Epistemology Essay Research Paper In Philosophy many free essay sample

Epistemology Essay, Research Paper In Philosophy, many minds search for the nature and evidences of human cognition. We call this country of survey Epistemology. Two of import epistemic philosophers are Friedrich Nietzsche and Charles Sanders Peirce. Nietzsche # 8217 ; s work has had a permanent captivation for many, and has developed an about cult following although his work has found small significance among fellow academicians. Peirce began his doctrine when he retired. His attack to knowledge is that of the pragmatists. They feel cognition is in portion a societal merchandise, intending that we use our mind to entertain ourselves in a society. Both philosophers have their ain positions on the nature of cognition, and methods for deriving cognition. This essay will research the alone methods and positions of both. Nietzsche does non experience that human cognition is a fantastic thing. His position is besides really matter-of-fact. Nietzsche views our cognition as more of a tool. The gap of his essay # 8220 ; On Truth and Lie in an Extra-Moral Sense # 8221 ; begins with a comparing of the creative activity of the solar system and adult male # 8217 ; s knowledge, to the prostration of the Sun and world # 8217 ; s death. This long stretch of clip was summed up in three sentences. No description was put into the thought of cognition. For many, cognition is so expansive and complicated that it could neer be wholly explained. Obviously, Nietzsche feels that we are the lone things that would put any value on our cognition. If we could pass on with other animate beings, he feels they would experience the same sense of ego. Nietzsche # 8217 ; s view on the nature of our mind is that it is our agencies of being. We use our mind for endurance. A king of beasts is the male monarch of the jungle with its sheer power and razor crisp Fangs. Amazingly a homo could kill a king of beasts. Using the mind to develop tools to repress the big animal. If we were non a smart species, the big jaws of infinite animate beings would hold wiped us out long ago. In our modern universe, our mind still is our defence tool. Now we use it to suit in socially for our amusement. Now to last we invented tools like lying, flattery, and misrepresentation. Clearly Nietzsche does non put a high value on mind. He tells us that your intellect even deceives yourself, at dark in your dreams, and you can make nil about it. Nietzsche farther demonstrates his value of truth by stating it is a amount of human dealingss that have been enhanced and embellished. We search for truth as an duty to society. Nietzsche places small value on our mind, and sees it as tool that we have used excessively much. Peirce offers a more optimistic, yet matter-of-fact, position on the nature of know shelf. Peirce feels that we all have our beliefs. He says our beliefs steer our desires and determine our actions. As worlds we feel more comfy when we are free of uncertainty. Doubt being the antonym of belief once more. When we enter a province of uncertainty, the annoyance causes a battle to achieve a province of belief. Peirce says uncertainty leads to inquiry, which leads to belief. Peirce has really specific methods, for repairing our beliefs. These are the actions taken to acquire back into the province of belief. In the method of scientific discipline, we use ground and mention to facts and experiences. Just like it sounds, you can prove your uncertainties easy. An illustration would be that you believe you can wing. To prove this you jump off your porch. Quickly you learn if you stay in the uneasy province of uncertainty, or return to the unagitated province of belief. The following method, a priori method, is the philosopher’s method. It is the nature of the procedur e to believe what we want to. This method is more delighting due to believing what you want without fact or ground. For case, person could state you have a nice haircut, so you likely will believe it. The method of authorization is non as honoring. In this public method your beliefs are fixed for you by force. The province has control over these beliefs. Although it does non sound good, it is a good thing. If person believes they should get down killing everyone, so thier beliefs need to be fixed by the province. The last method is Peirce’s favorite. The method of doggedness, as its name suggests, is the method of the persistent and the stubborn. This method is a private method, which allows you to hang on to your belief. A good illustration might be faith. Peoples tend to keep on to their spiritual beliefs all their life. No affair what happens many people will non abandon their beliefs. Peirce’s method for repairing belief is really appropriate for his belief on the nature of cognition. As a pragmatist he views cognition as a tool. His method of repairing beliefs are tools of the head for the head. Both philosophers have really different sentiments, sing both are epistemolgical and matter-of-fact. Nietzsche has a much more pessimistic position of the human mind. Peirce attempt # 8217 ; s to explicate what we do when we are in uncertainty. Both offer some challenging ideas about the nature of cognition. I liked Peirce # 8217 ; s essay. I think he is right that we struggle to be in a province of beliefs. He translated a really specific procedure that I agree that we all go through. Nietzsche was besides really insightful. I agree with his sentiment that the human mind is our survival tool. However I disagree with his deficiency of regard for the human idea. I think it is a really luxuriant system that is a miracle of creative activity.

Shared identity

A shared identity brings people together as they feel they feel a sense of belonging. People can have a shared identity through language. For instance, in the United States most people speak English. Those who support English Only bill argue that it will help bring cohesion as people speak one language.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shared identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They ask, â€Å"will America if it continues on its traditional path of benign linguist neglect, go the way of Belgium, Canada and Sri Lanka-three countries among many whose unity is gravely imperiled by language and ethnic conflicts† (King 437)? Therefore, having shared identity is a good goal as far as individuals are not forced to abandon their individuality. Having a shared goal is a good goal because it can help foster nationalism. Through a shared language people form an identity, and in a country they feel a sense of nat ionalism. For example, in Italy unification came through speaking of a similar language as in Germany. In other instances, people in a country may not share the same language, but they tolerate and embrace each other’s differences. For example, in Switzerland there are four official languages. The people get along well and there is no strife because of the different languages. A strong national identity brings the citizens together. The people â€Å"†¦ share something big and almost mystical that holds each together in a union transcending language. That something I call unique otherness† (King 442). This is beneficial to the country as it enjoys peace and harmony. Besides, the diversity of the people creates a beautiful oneness and every person feels a sense of belong and pride in their country. The drawbacks of having a shared identify goal is the danger of animosity towards anyone considered different. In countries that value one language above the others may f orce all its citizens to speak the preferred language. That favoritism of one language may lead to ethnic wars. For instance, in other countries such as Canada where people speak different languages for example English and French there is ethnic strive hence lack of a strong nationalism. In Moldova in 1995, protests erupted over the language to be used in teaching the Moldovan history (King 440). Some use language to demand for separation from a country, and it leads to loss of life in wars. Therefore, the quest for a shared identity can become a source of strife and division in a country. The goal of a shared identity can lead some people to fail at national integration, and lead to discrimination. Foreigners in a country may fail to integrate, and live normal lives because they feel they are different and unwanted in the host community. Some may result to rebellion or trying to hard to fit in that it destroys their sense of identity. Some become hurt for being different and being discriminated against. For example, â€Å"Sometimes I feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry† (Hurston 419).Advertising Looking for essay on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some adults teach their children hate towards people from different backgrounds and races. For instance, a student in class said: â€Å"I cannot sit by her. My mom said I cannot sit by anyone who is brown† (Nguyen 464). Furthermore, those who do not share a common identity with the majority suffer as Nguyen says: â€Å"I have no way of telling what tortured me more: the actual snickers and remarks and watchfulness of my classmates, or my own imagination, conjuring disdain† (462). Having a shared identity is only good as far as it is used positively to bring people together, despite their differences. The shared identity should foster a strong nationality instead of dividing and separating people. People are different, but they can live as one. Works Cited Hurston, Zora Neale. â€Å"How it feels to be colored me.† Ed. Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. The Presence of Others: Voices and Images That Call for  Response. 5th ed. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2008.416-420. Print. King, Robert. â€Å"Should English be the law?† Ed. Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. The Presence of Others: Voices and Images That Call for  Response. 5th ed. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2008.434-443. Print. Nguyen, Bich Minh. â€Å"The good immigrant student.† Ed. Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. The Presence of Others: Voices and Images That Call for  Response. 5th ed. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2008.458-464. Print. This essay on Shared identity was written and submitted by user Guillermo Larson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Communication Skills in the Workplace

Communication Skills in the Workplace Introduction The high rate of globalization has led to increment in the volume of international trade. One of the industries that have benefited from this growth is the freight industry in Singapore (AGI Freight 1). AGI Freight is one of the firms that operate within Singapore’s freight industry. Over the years it has been in operation, the firm has managed to attain substantial success within the local and the international market.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Communication Skills in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To attain its profit maximization objective, the firm is committed at entering in new markets. One of the factors that has contributed towards the firm’s success is its effectiveness in providing personalizes service to customers (AGI Freight 1). To improve its operational efficiency, the firm is intends to hire a sales manager. The successful candidate will be require d to possess adequate skill and knowledge with regard to the freight industry. Upon selection, the candidate will be required to start working immediately. Rationale In the course of executing his or her duty, the sales manager will be charged with the responsibility of building optimal rapport between the firm and its clients. The sales manager will also be required to attend to clients’ enquiries in order to satisfactorily meet their needs. Moreover, the sales manager will be required to develop effective sales report and work as a team. Consequently, it is essential for the selected candidate to possess effective communication skills. According to (McIntosh Luecke 5) poor workplace communication is one of the major issues that organization’s management teams have to address. This arises from the fact that it can adversely affect an organization’s success both in the short run and the long run. Currently, the sales environment has become very competitive. The effectiveness with which an organization grows, meets or exceeds its sales targets determines its profitability and hence its long term survival. Consequently, the sales managers should possess optimal communication skills in order to ensure a high level of coordination within the sales team (Woods 34). The sales manager should ensure that information that can contribute toward increment in the firm’s sales revenue is effectively communicated to the sales team. This aids in establishment of a high level of goal congruence between team members (Havaldar Cavale 31).Advertising Looking for assessment on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The workplace environment is increasingly becoming culturally diverse. One of the factors promoting this workplace transformation is the high rate of globalization (Dwyer 121). Consequently, there is a high probability that the sales manager selected will b e required to work with a team that is culturally diverse. In order to succeed in such an environment, the sales manager will be required to appreciate the communication difference amongst the team members. One of the ways through which the manager can achieve this is by developing a comprehensive understanding of the differences in cultural values and norms amongst team members. Conclusion The analysis above illustrates that communication skills is an important element that firms’ management teams should take into account in their quest to develop a strong workforce. One of the factors explaining the importance of communication skills in the workplace is the high rate of transformation within organizations’ workforces. The high rate of globalization has made organizations’ workforces to be culturally diverse. Organizations are increasingly adopting the concept of teamwork in order to promote their operational effectiveness. Working in such an environment requir es one to possess effective communication skills in order to ensure effective collaboration. Additionally, organizations are increasingly venturing into the international market in order to maximize their profitability. However, their success in the international market is dependent on the communication skills of its workforce. AGI Freight: Sales executive/sales manager 2013. Web. https://www.jobstreet.com.sg/jobs/2012/2/default/20/2925238.htm?fr=R Dwyer, Judith. Communication for business and the professions, French Forest: Pearson Australia, 2013, Print.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Communication Skills in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Havaldar, Krishna and C. Vasant. Sales and distribution management: text and cases, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007. Print. McIntosh, Perry and L. Richard. Interpersonal communication skills in the workplace, New York: American Management Association, 200 8. Print. Woods, Julia. Communication in our lives, Belmont, Calif: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.

A Career as an Adoption Counselor

Adoption is the process by which a person undertakes parenting of another person and permanently transfers all the rights and responsibilities of biological parents or parents in the process. Unlike custody or other systems designed to take care of young people, adoption is designed to achieve a permanent change in position, so legal or social recognition is necessary to gain social recognition Religious sanctions are necessary. Adoption shifts emphasis from adult adoption to genetics, and to the creation of children and families, and its structure has shifted to allowing reduction in intensity from the recognition of the continuity of adoption and relatives . Introduction Counselors support people in personal, family, educational, mental health, and career decisions and coping with problems (Counselor 1). Although it is part of their work to help students plan universities and careers, the overall function of counselors is to tell students, give advice, listen to questions, deal wit h coping skills Help them stretch out and learn to be good problem solvers and decision makers for them. (Your guidance consultant). Specifically, the school counselor plays an important role. A career counselor, also called an employment counselor or a career counselor, usually provides career counseling outside the school. Their main focus is to help individuals make career decisions. Career consultants will investigate and evaluate client education, training, practical experience, interests, skills, and personality traits. They can arrange capacity tests and performance tests to help clients make their career decisions. They also work with individuals to refine their job search skills, assist clients in finding jobs and applying. In addition, career counselors will support problems of unemployed people, work stress, or other career migration issues. The school counselor needs assistance, regardless of whether you are a high school student, needing information, choosing a career o r talking about personal problems. As a high school graduate, students are aware of their career and the role of counselors in the future. School counselors are there at every stage. School counselors play multiple roles in student life. Prior to this, counselors and students must understand each other so that students feel comfortable. (Working Introduction, 2011) When ... I think that the next important element in multicultural ability is cultural skills. A skilled counselor will use customer-based intervention to meet customer needs. Positive responses are linked to different cultures, communication is important. In multicultural counseling, counselors need to know more about the limits of counseling skills. I feel that acquiring cultural skills is essential to serve multicultural people.

How effective was the persecution of the Christians for the Romans Essay

How effective was the persecution of the Christians for the Romans - Essay Example Christianity was not begun within the social spheres of the more prominent people of the time period. The beliefs were spread through the impoverished, the lesser citizenry of Rome, and through connecting to the needs of those who were suffering. Therefore, those who believed became a threat to those who were satisfied with the state of society. One of the ways in which to eradicate the belief, or so thought those of prominence within the Roman Empire, was to martyr believers. The problem with creating a martyr is that a rallying point is created. Thus, the martyrdom of Christians within the Roman Empire became an act that helped to promote the beliefs, rather than a way to eradicate them. Because of the persecution of the Christians by the Romans, the religion found power within the martyrdom of its people, thus giving it needed sympathy which allowed for the beliefs to be spread further. The Christians of the first centuries were the anti-establishment group that came up against a goliath of a political system that was defined by its ties to the ritualized worship of the Roman people to the pagan gods. Christians refused to participate, putting their own beliefs above Rome, thus becoming enemies of the state. An example of the persecution of Christians can be found through the experiences of Vibia Perpetua through the firsthand account of Tertullian. Through understanding the sympathy that is created through the terrible events of the persecution, the psychology of martyrdom can help to explain part of the way in which the plight of these early Christians helped to further the expansion of the religion. Christians: The Hippies of Rome Despite the desire to eradicate the Christians, this was not an action that originated because of an objection to that belief. Nero used the Christians as a scapegoat in order to find a plausible criminal element behind the fire in Rome, although Tacitus wrote that Nero had ordered the fire (Cairnes, 1996, p. 27). Tacitus (109 A .C.E.) stated that â€Å"Therefore to stop the rumor, he falsely charged with guilt, and punished with the most fearful tortures, the persons commonly called Christians† (p, 286). Christians were used, according to the belief of Tacitus, which suggests was the common belief of the time period, as a scapegoat in order to alleviate political pressures. The first emperor of Rome to begin widespread persecution of Christians was Domitian (81AD to 95AD), the last emperor of the Flavian Dynasty. Belief was not an issue with the Romans, but the refusal to honor the emperor through sacrifice and to confer to him proclaimed divinity provided a fuel with which to separate the empire from the Christian sect and to begin retribution for this insult (Peters, 2005, p. 246). However, the close association with the Jewish community in Rome did not help the Christian cause. The Jewish community, during Domitian’s time, had refused to pay a tax that was to support the Capitolinus Jupite r. The Christians were the easier target to punish, although why it was effective as punitive to the Jewish community is unclear. One of the most potent uses of the Christian ‘plague’ in Rome was to focus on their participation in the economic difficulties of the age. One of the examples that can be appreciated is that the lucrative idol making business was harmed by the lack of

Public speaking and democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public speaking and democracy - Essay Example While one may argue that the importance that is given to demagoguery in a democratic setup subverts the role of an intelligent citizen by tricking him and showing disrespect to the wisdom and trust of an electorate, it is also true that extremely important points are made during speeches that serve to move people to the side of righteous causes and also to rightly channelize the anger of a nation for productive purposes. This has been seen time and again in the history of the United States of America. A successful democracy, America has always placed a great amount of importance on the ability of its public figures to engage in oratory. It is no coincidence that most of the American presidents were excellent orators and could move masses to their point of view time and again and in the process, win their trust and love. The importance that is placed on oratory in a free democracy may also stem from the basic right to speech that citizens are provided with in a democratic nation. The right to express oneself from a public platform in order to communicate one’s views to another person or group remains the highest expression of one’s right to free speech. ... People also share a great interest in the contents of political speeches, with replies and counter-arguments being a part of the discussions that permeate the lives of a modern man in a democratic state. These events are also a site where the political leaders who give speeches are able to demonstrate the strength of the numbers of people that follow their views, apart from being an opportunity to win more followers and thus increase their base of supporters. This would enable them to not only win elections, but also to sustain the trust that people have in them. In many cases, an emotional and moral mandate of the population is necessary before a government undertakes any action of grave importance, something that may have a profound effect on the lives of the people of a country. This may be made possible through a powerful verbal assertion of the reasons that a leader may have for undertaking that particular action. This also demonstrates the effectiveness of public speaking as a tool in a democracy for the purpose of maintaining communication between the holders of executive authority and the electorate. In a democratic nation, public speaking is a tool that political and other leaders may use in order to stay in constant contact with the masses. This may help to impart to the masses the feeling that the state is being looked after in a good manner. This also enables the government in power to block allegations that may be leveled against it by people of differing viewpoints. The act of public speaking, thus, enables a citizen of a democratic country to express dissent that may then be shared by many sections of the society. It may also be used to attract attention to a certain problem that may have otherwise gone unnoticed by the

Competitive Advantage of Wal Mart Essay Example for Free

Competitive Advantage of Wal Mart Essay Every company is trying to avoiding failure and the goal is to have a sustaining competitive advantage. But when do companies have a sustainable competitive advantage? It depends on three factors: the barriers to imitation, the capability of competitors and the dynamism of the industry development. In the 1970s Wal Mart lost their competitive advantage. Sears had a better positioning like Wal Mart. Therefore Wal Mart distinguished the situation and improved its distribution system. It created new trade channels to save costs and invest in new information technology to improve their situation. Wal Mart found a way to change their strategies and structures to change their competitive conditions. Over time, Wal Mart got strong partnerships with suppliers. This was a key element to improve their performance on the market and it`s not easy to imitate. Those partnerships work now since a long time and other competitors might lack the volume of purchases Wal Mart can offer. With some diversifications like Sam’s Club, a new way of supercenters or their plan for the international expansion Wal Mart was able to confine from their competitors. Wal-Mart was the first low price company and retailer which expanded around the world. The CEO of Wal Mart focused on small-town markets and ignored the national discounters. So, Wal Mart has huge distribution capabilities and this is very difficult to imitate from competitors. The most significant advantage of Wal Mart is their using of the satellite system. They are using this system to compress their costs and get a distinguished communication system with all employees to every time. The overall achieved employee satisfaction has the advantage of highly motivated employees. This is an overall management issue and when the employees are motivated, the customers are feeling good and well served. In future, Wal-Mart was committed to find new ways to have the competitive advantage of the market. They invest in different strategies like trendy fashions, offering organic food and remodeling stores to achieve a high satisfaction during the shopping by customers. So, they were able to use the economic crisis to win new customers. A lot of people search after low price shopping possibilities. So investors cheered at Wal-Mart and the company outperformed both rival target and the SP 500 index. Wal Mart holds its quality due to the constant low priced policy. This EDLP is not easy to replicate unless you can offer consistently low prices. On account of the points Wal Mart is able to secure a sustaining competitive advantage at the moment. They are reacting directly and design their company with the time and respond on their employees and customers. Their competitors are able to imitate their policies but this can`t happen within the next year because Wal Marts` advantages are way to complex. As long as Wal Mart is always developing its competencies and keeping on track with the environmental changes, they do have a sustainable competitive advantage in the US.

Allie’s Basketball Dream Essay -- Literary Analysis, Barbara Barber

Allie’s Basketball Dream Just by looking at the cover of the story â€Å"Allie’s Basketball Dream† by Barbara Barber I could already tell that the story itself seems to be an ideology. The ideology is not hard to figure out; even the name of the story gives it away. Most girls dream of being a ballerina, a princess, or even a vet but with Allie’s case she wants to be professional basketball player. When I first picked up this book, the name of the book intrigued me to want to read it because I never would have guessed a girls dream would be to be a professional basketball player. As I started to read this book I noticed that the book is based on adults and children of African-American race in urban and inner-city areas. In urban and inner-city areas, playground basketball is a popular form of recreation. Many children and adults in these areas play neighborhood games in parks, alleys, driveways, backyards, and playgrounds. In the neighborhood I was brought up in, I never saw basketball played anywhere besides at school or if you had a basketball hoop in your driveway. The story starts out with Allies father giving her a gift of a basketball that she really wanted. Allies father brought her a gift and said â€Å"Because I love you (Baber 2)† and kissed Allie on her nose. This shows that Allies father is already portrayed as strong and caring which makes this book adult-centered already. When I look at the picture of Allie and her father at the beginning of the book I can see the loving relationship they have with each other (1). The colors of the background of the picture are yellow and soft which makes the picture safe. Allie and her father are in the center of the page along with the basket ball. This shows that Allie, her fat... ...he first time her father brought her to a basketball game she said "No way i'm getting rid of this ball! It's a gift from my dad. Someday I'm going to be the best basketball player ever (Barber 20)." Even though Allie doesn’t say something like "I don't want to be girly" she is still resisting the ideology that â€Å"only guys play basketball† or â€Å"girls don’t play basketball.† In this book gender role interpellation is shown. Up to now, it has been assumed that boys are more dominant and powerful then girls. For example, boys â€Å"are stronger† and can protect better then woman because they are men and they are built differently. However, females have been seen are the care takers, compassionate, and taking on the role of being feminine which means acting and doing all the things girls are supposed to do. Also, females are portrayed as being more â€Å"emotional† then males.

To Kill a Mockingbird – Character Notes

Mrs Dubose: Pg. 119 ? physical description Mostly in chapter 11 Jem and Scout pass her house and she stirs them up about Atticus defending Tom Robinson. Jem ruins every camellia in her garden, and then both are forced to read to her. Morphine addict. Independent, strong willed, courageous, old fashioned, lonely, cantankerous, contrary, prejudice Helps Jem and Scout to discover real courage, pg. 124 Gained self-control ? important Fear and ignorance driven people to misunderstand Mrs. Dubose Mayella Ewell: Pg. 197 ? physical description Fragile, confused, nervous, unintelligentAttended the court case, was raped by her dad, case was blamed on Tom Robinson. Pg. 190 – 199 quotes on and about. Aunt Alexandra: Pg. 141 ? physical description Harsh, old fashioned, bossy, old, opinionated, honest, over powering, protective, strict She wanted to change Scout into a ‘proper lady’, determined to make a better difference than Calpurnia. Created more problems than solutions. Di dn’t have respect for Calpurnia. Pg. 145, 140 ? quotes from Aunt Alexandra Chapter 12 ? Calpurnia took scout and jem to black church Chapter 24 ? Aunt Alexandra has tea party.Racism is displayed Calpurnia: Pg. 6 ? physical description Key role is to give guidance to Scout and Jem, shows them the black community Strong willed, authoritive, responsible, wise, caring, understanding, smart, kind, protective Been with them ever since Jem was born, pg. 6 Pg. 32, 139, 138, Heck Tate: Sheriff of Maycomb County Pg. 104 ? Physical description Over powering, tall, thin, wealthy, Chapter 10, mad dog shooting Has to arrest Tom, is involved in the court case, Heck Tate defends Jem and Boo from being accused of Bob Ewell’s death Pg. 300 – 304, quotes from Heck TateBob Ewell: Pg. 147 ? physical description Involved in the trial against Tom Robinson, rapes his daughter, attacks Jem and Scout Arrogant man, human trash, disgrace, spends welfare money on alcohol, children go hungry , obnoxious, evil, violent, abusive, dirty, rude, Pg. 189 – 192, quotes from court case Pg. 296 – 303, quotes from the attack Miss Rachel: Finch’s next door neighbor Good friends with Aunt Alexandra, often has tea at the Finch’s house, helps scout to understand that Boo Radley is a nice person, Young, ladylike, mature, Dill’s aunty, Pg. 56, 220, 143, Scout Finch:Tomboy, always starts fights, rosy cheeks, short black hair, dark brown eyes Independent, courageous, humorous, curious, stubborn, aggressive, short tempered Story is told by her point of view Scout saved Tom from being lynched Atticus Finch: Lawyer, wise man, highly respected, father, widower, dry sense of humour, sense of morally, one of the few citizens who believes in equality, compassionate, determined, generous, accepting, strong, caring, courageous, humble, calm, courteous, affectionate The one thing that doesn’t abide by ‘majority rule’ is a man’s conscien ce.Jem Finch: Pg. 227 ? four kinds of people in the world, Pg. 240 ? why they ^ can’t get along Pg. 13 ? talking to Dill Four years older than scout, matures throughout the novel, becomes more effected by events because of a deeper understanding, phases in and out of wanting to hang out with Scout, tries hard to protect scout although they fight. Adventurous, imaginative, courageous, caring, loving, righteous, loyal, charismatic, protective, Tall, skinny, dark haired, brown eyes, tries to keep his cool, immature.Miss Maudie: Same age as Aunt Alexandra, glasses, brown hair, seen as an elderly figure, spends a lot of time in the garden House burns down, Miss Maudie refuses to go to the trial because she believes they are like a ‘Roman Carnival’, great cake maker, supports Atticus’ ideas. Respected, strong willed, friendly, supportive, sharp-tongued, loyal, widowed, brave, idol of Scout Pg. 47 ? description

Hitler Able to Establish a Dictatorship

Was Hitler Able to Establish a Dictatorship Because He Banned Other Political Parties? BY 002910 â€Å"Hitler was able to establish a dictatorship because he banned other political parties†. Do you agree? Explain your answer. The rise of Hitler as a dictator was one Involving many deferent factors. The political parties caused him a very challenging problem, and by banning them it undoubtedly helped him secure all-out rule. But was It the only reason why Hitler managed to establish himself as a dictator, and If not, Is It the main one?Hitler knew that the many opposition parties would pose him ND his government a real threat. He Instantly acted against them by getting Hindering to pass a decree stating they had to be Informed 48 hours In advance If a political meeting was to be held. This let Hitler take control of his political surroundings as It meant he would know when and where to go to break up a political meeting. It gave the Mans a strong foothold In the election that w as approaching and a good starting point to establishing his dictatorship as he was already limiting what others could do and was getting his way.However, he only got 4% of the vote at the election. With other political parties still around to vote for Hitler could never have had a dictatorship as he did not have a mandate to rule. Therefore, eradicating the other parties would appear to be how he became a dictator. We must consider what it is to be a dictator, and with any sort of political opponent around a dictatorship is implausible to establish. First, all choice of opinion must be taken away. In this way, banning political parties has to be a good reason why Hitler managed to become Germany's all out ruler.On top of this clear idea that e could never have absolute power with political parties still around is the fact that the Enabling Act, which to an extent was the blockage of power for any other party, really sealed Hitter's position as Germany's next dictator. What he said now became law, and he could do whatever he wanted as long as it didn't anger Hindering, the Industrialists or the Army too much. In this sense, it looks like when Hitler finally banned the formation of political parties on 14th July it was this that gave him the status as a dictator of Germany . He made the laws, and there was no other view to go against his.However, we must look at the other reasons why Hitler secured this power. By no means was banning political parties the only reason why he became an all-out ruler. Even if he had banned the political parties, without the support of the other groups which got him into power he wouldn't last long as Chancellor. The Night of the Long Knives is one of the main reasons why he became a dictator as It kept on side those who had the power to overthrow him. Room's proposals to take over all German businesses did not sit well with the Industrialists as they would lose all their rower, money and influence.He also wanted to merge the Army Into the S. A. , onto popular move with the Army generals. By choosing to arrest and kill Room Hitler made sure that he held onto power; without sling with these groups they could well have forced Hindering to sack him as Chancellor. But by choosing the Army and Industrialists over his own party he showed that, although there were no longer any political parties, Hitler was still not the dictator of Germany as he was being forced to but did still have outside factions to impress.Therefore, it was also the death of Hindering and the oath by the Army which made Hitler the dictator of Germany. With no one above him to get rid of him, Hitler could then declare himself F;here and make the Army swear an oath to defend him. Now the outside groups had no one to complain to if they didn't like what was going on. They were also now bound to follow him; the Army had to give their lives to him, which meant no threat of any military coup, and the Industrialists could not speak out against him as they could be arrested and sent to concentration camps.Yes, the banning of political parties gave Hitler the opportunity to declare himself ruler, but that opportunity could have been taken away if he hadn't managed to keep them onside throughout. Hindering could still have been pressured into sacking Hitler as Chancellor (he had done this to others many times before in the previous years), thus stopping Hitler getting the chance to become supreme ruler all together. As well as this, Just banning political parties would never have been enough to become a dictator due to one very obvious blockage; the Reichstag.With it still in the country the country was still democratic as the parties had a say in how the country was run. Hitler could not ban any political parties without getting rid of the Reichstag first. It was this that the Enabling Act actually got rid of so that Hitler could start to rule the country on his own. It was not actually the banning of political parties in Germany that set in motion the wheels of dictatorship but the demolition of democracy and the Whimper constitution.But at the same time this could also be seen as a reason why the banning of political parties as the reason why Hitler established himself as F;here. In reality, the Reichstag is made up of political parties, so getting rid of it could be seen as getting rid of the parties. This could be both for and against the statement in the question, but I believe that the Reichstag has to be treated as a separate thing. In conclusion, I think that although Germany's political parties did pose a major problem to Hitler and that banning it did help him to become a dictator, by no means is it the sole reason why he became one.Really, the Night of the Long Knives is more important as it is the point when everything could have collapsed for the Nazis. The start of Hitter's rule was all about pleasing those around him and trying to stay in power. Therefore, keeping the Army and Industrialists on side at this point was key to making sure he lasted out Hinderers life. The Reichstag is a mixture of both sides of the argument, but it still backs up the point that banning political parties was not the only reason why Hitler became a dictator and isn't the main reason why either.

The War in Vietnam Essays - Vietnam War, Free Essays, Term Papers

The War in Vietnam Essays - Vietnam War, Free Essays, Term Papers The War in Vietnam The Vietnam War, the nation's longest, cost fifty-eight thousand American lives. Only the Civil War and the two world wars were deadlier for Americans. During the decade of direct U.S. military participation in Vietnam beginning in 1964, the U.S Treasury spent over $140 billion on the war, enough money to fund urban renewal projects in every major American city. Despite these enormous costs and their accompanying public and private trauma for the American people, the United States failed, for the first time in its history, to achieve its stated war aims. The goal was to preserve a separate, independent, noncommunist government in South Vietnam, but after April 1975, the communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) ruled the entire nation. The initial reasons for U.S. involvement in Vietnam seemed logical and compelling to American leaders. Following its success in World War II, the United States faced the future with a sense of moral rectitude and material confidence. From Washington's perspective, the principal threat to U.S. security and world peace was monolithic, dictatorial communism emanating from he Soviet Union. Any communist anywhere, at home or abroad, was, by definition, and enemy of the United States. Drawing an analogy with the unsuccessful appeasement of fascist dictators before World War II, the Truman administration believed that any sign of communist aggression must be met quickly and forcefully by the United States and its allies. This reactive policy was known as containment. In Vietnam the target of containment was Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh front he had created in 1941. Ho and his chief lieutenants were communists with long-standing connections to the Soviet Union. They were also ardent Vietnamese nationalists who fought first to rid their country of the Japanese and then, after 1945, to prevent France from reestablishing its former colonial mastery over Vietnam and the rest of Indochina. Harry S. Truman and other American leaders, having no sympathy for French colonialism, favored Vietnamese independence. But expanding communist control of Eastern Europe and the triumph of the communists in China's civil was made France's war against Ho seem an anticommunist rather than a colonialist effort. When France agreed to a quansi-independent Vietnam under Emperor Bao Dai as an alternative to Ho's DRV, the United States decided to support the French position. The American conception of Vietnam as a cold war battleground largely ignored the struggle for social justice and national sovereignty occurring within the country. American attention focused primarily on Europe and on Asia beyond Vietnam. Aid to France in Indochina was a quid pro quo for French cooperation with America's plans for the defense of Europe through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. After China became a communist state in 1949, the stability of Japan became of paramount importance to Washington, and Japanese development required access to the markets and raw materials of Southeast Asia. The outbreak of war in Korea in 1950 served primarily to confirm Washington's belief that communist aggression posed a great danger to Asia . Subsequent charges that Truman had "lost" China and had settled for a stalemate in Korea caused succeeding presidents to fear the domestic political consequences if they "lost" Vietnam. This apprehension, an overestimation of American power, an d an underestimation of Vietnamese communist strength locked all administrations from 1950 through the 1960s into a firm anticommunist stand in Vietnam. Because American policy makers failed to appreciate the amount of effort that would be required to exert influence on Vietnam's political and social structure, the course of American policy led to a steady escalation of U.S. involvement. President Dwight D. Eisenhower increased the level of aide to the French but continued to avoid military intervention, even when the French experienced a devastating defeat at Dien Bien Phu in the spring of 1954. Following that battle, an international conference at Geneva, Switzerland, arranged a cease-fire and provided for a North-South partition of Vietnam until elections could be held. The United States was not a party to the Geneva Agreements and began to foster the creation of a Vietnamese regime in South Vietnam's autocratic president Ngo Dinh Diem, who deposed Bao Dai in October 1955, resisted holding an election on the reunification of Vietnam. Despite over $1 billion of U.S. aid

Describe why high constraint research is needed to determine Essay

Describe why high constraint research is needed to determine causeandeffect relationships and why variability is critical in aiding in this determination - Essay Example This is because it indemnifies that if a supposed cause is purposely influenced and, thereby, precedes the observed effect incorporate procedures that help finding out if the cause is connected to the effect incorporate methods or not. This helps in reducing and evaluating the influence of inappropriate factors that could create the effect supposed to be attributed to the cause. High constraint research has helped in controlling extraneous variances. To control external influences the subjects are separated into an experimental and a control group. This control group helps in comparing the data and it remains ideal. It also assigns random units to situations to give variability to the situation. This variability helps in determining the causes and effect of the situation if it appears in a different way. For example while performing an experiment different control or variables are taken to ensure the perfect conclusion in different situations. By further comparing the results the tre atment effects are determined. It takes the overall view of a situation and then derives its constants. All the values or situations are put together and the research is conducted. This research helps to forecast the consequences of future cause and effect relationships. Performing experiments is one form of High constraint research. "The experiment provides the most rigorous test for

Strategies for Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Strategies for Change Management - Essay Example The fourth explanation defines change management as a control mechanism. (Nickols (2008)) Fred Nickels states that change management is a process that involves moving from one state to another. Change management occurs in three strategies namely the unfreezing stage, the changing stage and the refreezing stage. (Nickols (2008)) For the core units the individuals will have the how questions, for the perimeter units individuals will have the and how questions, for the buffer units individuals will have what questions and finally for top managers they will have what questions. (Nickols (2008)) In an organization there exist resistance to change; the degree of resistance will depend on the number of individuals in the organization, political issues in the organization and whether the organization depends on the people. If the degree of resistance is high then the power coercive strategy or those environmental adaptive strategies are the most appropriate strategy and if resistance is low then the other strategies are appropriate. (Nickols (2008)) Time available to implement change will influence decisions, when time is limited then the power coercive strategy is the moist appropriate but if time is abundant than the other strategies can be applied. (Nickols (2008)) The availability of experts in the organization will also affect choice, where an organization has limited number of experts then the power coercive strategy is the most appropriate but if there are experts then the other strategies can be used. (Nickols (2008)) A business opportunity with high anticipated returns will require the use of all four strategies given that the main purpose of the organization is to generate income and therefore the organization should by all means implement change. (Nickols (2008)) If in an organization the organization depends on

Real Life Experience of an Entrepreneur Through an Open Ended Essay

Real Life Experience of an Entrepreneur Through an Open Ended Interview - Essay Example Moreover, certain learning models as well theories would also be implemented in the process of the entire research. From the conducted interview on the entrepreneur, it has been learnt that there are several aspects that are crucial in starting up a business. An entrepreneur would have to deal with certain unavoidable issues in the commencement of a new business. These issues are quite imperative and have severe impacts on the business. Furthermore, the journey of the entrepreneur is also depicted through the essay. In the reflective analysis part, the application of Schon’s and Kolb’s models have been incorporated to relate the obtained understanding of the scenarios faced by the concerned entrepreneur. Also, the present situation as well as the future aim of the company was also intended to be understood in the essay. Apart from the interview, the personal entrepreneurial development plan is also desired to be portrayed in the research. Time and again, it has been noted that human lives and assets are vulnerable to various types of risks and dangers. The diverse kinds of risks or dangers cannot be predicted and can take place with anybody at any time. In this regard, security of people or assets has become a prime concern. Now-a-days, it has been noted that there are various security agencies that have emerged in due course of time. Among them, A-Star Guard is a well known agency. This company is specialised in proving high level securities services. It has been recognised that the company possesses an efficient team which is strictly professional. It has also been observed that all the members of the company are trained under Security Industry Authority (SIA) and have the capabilities of providing quality security services. The company is accredited under the Approved Contractor Scheme (ACS). It has been learnt that the company is a newly established one but has obtained a highly experienced team of personnel. The security deliverance of the company varies with the

Family law coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Family law coursework - Essay Example By virtue of Section 12 of the Matrimonial Causes Act, Harold’s marriage is voidable and as such can be annulled. Section 12 (d) provides that a marriage is voidable if ‘†¦either party to the marriage did not validly consent to it, whether in consequence of duress, mistake, unsoundness of mind or otherwise2 Harold clearly did not exercise free will when he married Wendy. She threatened his livelihood by warning that she would tell Harold’s employers of his previous convictions for crimes of dishonesty. It is not unreasonable to assume that Harold married Wendy as a means of silencing Wendy and holding onto his job. What amounts to duress is not always clear. Early on, Butt J determined that a series of incidents perpetuated by the husband against the wife was capable of amounting to duress. In this particular case the husband somehow managed to trick the wife into assuming his debts, then refused to help her discharge them unless she agreed to marry him. Once he finally got her before the appropriate Justice of the Peace, he once again threatened to shoot her if she did not go through with the marriage. Butt J allowed the decree of nullity on the grounds that the wife had not honestly consented to the matrimonial union.3 Duress is not always founded on extreme application of pressure as witnessed in the case above. The facts of Buckland v Buckland are rather similar to Harold’s case. In Buckland’s case, a man developed a platonic relationship with a minor and was charged with corrupting a minor. His solicitor advised him that should he marry the minor, he could avoid facing a term of imprisonment. The man married the minor and subsequently petitioned the courts for a decree of nullity. Lord Scarman held that since the man reasonably feared going to prison his consent was not genuine.4 Some authority exist for the construction of duress to be aligned with an actual threat to

The role of e commerce in the era of globalization

The role of e commerce in the era of globalization E commerce is the electronic commerce where business starts with electronically. For using the e commerce transaction must be happen via electronic system. For example someone wants to sell his product then he needs to get the order of that product and also needs to get payment so that he can send the product. In this case the buyer can buy that product through the electronic payment system. But there is some problem for this case such as security issue. If the third party involve on the e payment system then it will be harmful for both buyer and sellers. So the security of e payment system should be strong to protect from third party. Here third party is internet expert hacker. Aim objective: To secure and monitor of the e payment will be increase in the business sector day by day. More than one browser needs to be user friendly. Maintain a good customer service. Different section: Blaise j.(2004)said that Though the Internet has increased the speed and number of victims a fraudster can reach in one attempt, the actual types and techniques of the Internet scams follow the same patterns as scams previously conducted by mail or telephone. As with pre-cyber scams, the number of scams and the subsequent variations make it impossible to mention them all. The primary intent of the fraudster is to befriend the victim, gain their trust, and then obtain money or enough personal information to access financial accounts. Becoming aware of and informed about some of the different types of Internet scams should make consumers more mindful of their on- line actions and transactions. According to the Adi m alwaked.(2008).some questions arisen like: Do the electronic payments securely exist in the Business to Business transactions within the country? What are the governmental security criteria for the e-business transactions? And do I as a work owner and a government have professionals and graduates who can manage e-business departments and projects using the new e-business methodologies as knowledge management and expert systems? And if the e-business pillars are not yet completed or initiated, to what level should the users deal with e-business? Do we have any alternatives? Many of these critical enquiries should be answered when reviewing e-government and e-readiness situations. Failing to answer and solve this ambiguity can result in two unwanted situations: the work owners will not adopt e-business, or the e-business will be initiated based on ambiguous visions that will not achieve the expected propositions and therefore will fail. All the e-business revenues are part of the whole business revenues and they will be part of the final financial statements of the enterprises, and if the governments decided to give these taxation supports to motivate e-business inside the different enterprises, it is recommended that good policies and frameworks applied against frauds that take advantage of the financial facilitations, for instance the fake online contracts and payments in order to delude the authorities and to create an impression that the e-business in a particular company was the main reason for the revenues, and therefore there should be some efficient procedures against these kinds of frauds. The e-business field has become the first target for the e-hackers today, many kinds of frauds in credit cards, stealing identities, and different kinds of frauds are evolving every day, but actually the solution is not always within the responsibility of the governments, but can the governments support the e-business adopters here? Traditionally, this is found in e-business pillars and e-readiness, as the secure e-payment methods in e-billing, and the good regulations to fight the net crimes, and the e-business awareness programmes as mentioned. But as a part of a new strategic e-business policy that keeps and increase the advantages of the e-service and limits the weaknesses, calls for defined e-security criteria in the DNs might be a solution, such criteria that specifies strict standards for e-commerce websites, including all the security aspects, as authentications, IP viewers for more identifications of customers, a strong insist on the ecommerce website owners to include the security awareness issues in the main pages of their websites and to keep reminding their users about them, all these procedures can increase the customers confident about security and solve the ambiguity of these issues. National payment systems are the backbone of a financial sector. Standard protocols for check and electronic payments will facilitate the adoption of electronic payments by banks, retailers, government agencies, and others in the payments chain. Access to electronic payments settlement can be contentious, as banks typically control or influence payment systems and may resist opening access to other financial service providers and retailers (Isern, Deshpande van Doorn, 2005). Avshalom Aderet et al(2007).said security and privacy assesses the degree of customer exposure to the risks involved in the e-shopping process and the likelihood of a product or service not meeting consumer expectations (Dillon and Reif, 2006). The variables discussed in this factor are: the means used to assure data security, the privacy of personal information, and the security guarantee that pertains to each transaction (Chung-Hoon and Young-Gul, 2003). We group privacy and security together following Flavià ¡n and Guinalà ­u (2006) who, having reviewed the privacy and security literature, suggest that, although these concepts are often researched as separate variables, there is a close relationship between them in the mind of the consumer and they should therefore be considered as a single variable. Furthermore, in practice, e-vendors tend to handle the protection of privacy and security together. Finally, in public policy these concepts run side by side. Globalization has brought in many changes in the business scenario with the whole world inching towards one big market place. Communication between the buyers and sellers has become critical as each can opt to explore a greater number of alternatives than ever before. E-commerce through Internet, e-mails, websites, and other facilities, enables a businessman to be linked with every corner of the world, and thus opens up greater opportunities in the world market. Important factor is the time required for completing a business transaction. As markets are becoming competitive and information is more readily available, a quick, reliable and replicable transaction implies availing of prevailing opportunities. On the contrary, delays in processing a transaction might become synonymous to wasting an opportunity. Therefore, a fast and alternative mechanism of communication, contract, and payment is an Integral part of a globally competitive business organization. Wasting the customers time Time is the most important commodity in online shopping. You want your customers to be able to find what they want and buy it as quickly as possible. Dynamic pages with changing content may look interesting, but they also make pages take longer to load. When customers have to wait for pages to load, they often give up and go to a faster-moving site. Additionally, some e-commerce sites make the mistake of wasting a customers time during the checkout process by requiring registration or asking for unnecessary info. Once a customer decides to buy from your site you should make the checkout processes as fast as possible with as few clicks as possible. Otherwise, the customer may fail to complete the sale out of frustration. Lack of compatibility with more than one browser While 80% of the market uses Microsoft Internet Explorer, failing to design your e-commerce site to work with other browsers is passing up a huge opportunity. You immediately knock out at least 20% of your potential customer pool, maybe more. Making your website work with a variety of browsers usually only requires a few minor tweaks, but it can make a big difference in the amount of traffic you receive. Poor overall web design -When a website is not well organized or looks unprofessional, many customers will immediately look elsewhere. Online shoppers have high standards these days when it comes to how your e-commerce site looks and functions. Your products should be easy to find and displayed nicely. Customers should be able to search for what they want and find it. Likewise shopping cart use should be a streamlined process. Any hitches in the buying process from start to finish will cost you customers. Poor customer service -All e-commerce sites should make it easy to get questions about products and purchases answered. Too many sites make finding contact information and accessing company policies challenging for the customer. If customers cant find the information they need to feel comfortable about a sale, they will probably abandon the sale. Make sure all of your merchant policies and contact information are prominently displayed on multiple pages of your website. Conclusion: Internet fraud can evidently be defined as an electronic deception and theft. However, as technology advances, the tactics and skills used by fraudsters to commit these crimes will also advance. In 2002, over $14.6 million in losses were reported in the U.S. alone, due to Internet fraud; while it is expected, several million more went unreported. Local, state and federal agencies are actively tracking, investigating, and prosecuting fraud offenders. However, with the limitless capabilities of the Internet, its often difficult to determine if the con artist is in the next apartment, next state, or in a completely different country. These cyber swindles and dot-cons present new challenges to governments. The Internet enables criminals to cloak themselves in anonymity, making it imperative that governments act more quickly to stop newly emerging schemes before the perpetrators can disappear in the World Wide Web. Online consumers need to execute added precaution when surfing, reading e-mail, making purchases, and considering online opportunities. The great thing about the Internet is it is easy to find other information, and consumers should do crosscheck before they become a victim. Legitimate online retailers and credit card companies will also have to make continued efforts to reassure consumers that their Internet activities will be secure. The global nature of the Internet, and law enforcement experience in conducting Internet fraud investigations, have made it increasingly clear that law enforcement authorities need to coordinate their efforts to have a substantial effect on all forms of Internet fraud. Reference: Blaise J(2004), internet fraud: a global perspective,vol4,pp1-9. Anguelov, C., Hilgert, M. Hogarth, J. (2004). US consumers and electronic banking, 1995-2003. Federal Reserve Bulletin, Winter 2004. Retrieved December 10, 2005 from: http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2004/winter04_ca.pdf BIS. (2004). Survey of developments in electronic money and internet and mobile payments. Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS). Basle: Bank for International Settlements. BIS. (2003). Risk management principles for electronic banking. Electronic Banking Group of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Basel: Bank for International Settlements. Bà ©zard, G. (2005). Low-value payments: Looking for the code cracker. Boston: Aite Group, LLC. Journal of E-Business: Volume VII, No 2 (2007) 45 the United States, Federal Reserve Bulletin, Spring, 180-201. Isern, J. (2007). Launching electronic banking in developing countries: What can be learned from experience in developed countries? E-Business Review, 7. Isern, J., Deshpande, R. van Doorn, J. (2005). Crafting a money transfers strategy: Guidance for pro-poor financial service providers. CGAP Occasional Paper 10. Washington: The World Bank. Lafferty Group. (2005c, November 14). US consumers and corporates reduce cheque usage. Electronic Payments International Newsletter. London: Author. NetBank, Inc. (2004). Annual report. Retrieved December 29, 2005 from: http://www.netbankinc.com/ir_reports.htm Pennathur, A. (2001). Clicks and bricks: E-risk management for banks in the age of the internet. Journal of Banking and Finance (25), 2103-2123. Rombel, A. (2005). The worlds best internet banks 2005. Global Finance 19(8), 31-36. Adi m alwaked.(2008). encouraging e-business investments in the developing nations and the ambiguous road: a proposed vision.vol8, pp12-18, Avshalom Aderet et al(2007). taking customer perceptions of the ethical commitments of e-vendors seriously,vol6 pp12-15

Commentary on Act 1 of the book Translations by Brian Friel :: English Literature

Commentary on Act 1 of the book Translations by Brian Friel The opening paragraph of the play Translations tells us in great detail about where the play is set. It is set in a hedge-school, which was a disused barn or hay-shed. The opening of the play makes us see that there are two means of isolation. The language binds together the community and in this play we will see how differences in language split society. Manus is teaching Sarah to speak as the play begins. He is being very patient with her and he thinks that it is important to teach her to articulate, 'Come on, Sarah. This is our secret'. When you see how Sarah is finding it hard to speak English it makes you feel that she is the symbol for Ireland's backward position. Jimmy on the other hand represents the educated civilised tradition of old Ireland. He is a scholar, however Sarah is the opposite. She is a contemporary Ireland, as she has no voice to speak out. She has no capacity for taking part in the modern world. Sarah just wants to become part of the society. The way Manus is pushing Sarah to speak, for example, 'Raise your head. Shout it out. Nobody's listening'. You feel that Manus does not want Sarah to be a nobody in the community, so he is helping her. The way that Sarah acts around Manus makes you feel that she fancies him, 'Manus hugs Sarah. She smiles in shy, embarrassed pleasure'. Jimmy is reading The Odyssey. As he is a scholar he can read books in Greek. He sees himself as a person in the story, 'Sure look at what the same turf-smoke has done to myself!' This is not very scholarship like of Jimmy as he relates the text in a very un-scholar like way to himself. He also says things that are very sexually orientated, 'if you had a woman like that about the house, it's not stripping a turf-bank you'd be thinking about-eh?' and 'she can't get her fill of men'. Jimmy asks Manus whom he would pick out of Athena, Artemis and Helen. All of these people are characters from the book Jimmy is reading. This shows that Jimmy has a very limited view and conception of what he is reading. Manus asks Sarah whom he should pick; this shows that he considers her view to be important. The way Jimmy acts in this part of the play makes you feel that he is very intellectual but he is living his life in a book, he feels he is almost a Commentary on Act 1 of the book Translations by Brian Friel :: English Literature Commentary on Act 1 of the book Translations by Brian Friel The opening paragraph of the play Translations tells us in great detail about where the play is set. It is set in a hedge-school, which was a disused barn or hay-shed. The opening of the play makes us see that there are two means of isolation. The language binds together the community and in this play we will see how differences in language split society. Manus is teaching Sarah to speak as the play begins. He is being very patient with her and he thinks that it is important to teach her to articulate, 'Come on, Sarah. This is our secret'. When you see how Sarah is finding it hard to speak English it makes you feel that she is the symbol for Ireland's backward position. Jimmy on the other hand represents the educated civilised tradition of old Ireland. He is a scholar, however Sarah is the opposite. She is a contemporary Ireland, as she has no voice to speak out. She has no capacity for taking part in the modern world. Sarah just wants to become part of the society. The way Manus is pushing Sarah to speak, for example, 'Raise your head. Shout it out. Nobody's listening'. You feel that Manus does not want Sarah to be a nobody in the community, so he is helping her. The way that Sarah acts around Manus makes you feel that she fancies him, 'Manus hugs Sarah. She smiles in shy, embarrassed pleasure'. Jimmy is reading The Odyssey. As he is a scholar he can read books in Greek. He sees himself as a person in the story, 'Sure look at what the same turf-smoke has done to myself!' This is not very scholarship like of Jimmy as he relates the text in a very un-scholar like way to himself. He also says things that are very sexually orientated, 'if you had a woman like that about the house, it's not stripping a turf-bank you'd be thinking about-eh?' and 'she can't get her fill of men'. Jimmy asks Manus whom he would pick out of Athena, Artemis and Helen. All of these people are characters from the book Jimmy is reading. This shows that Jimmy has a very limited view and conception of what he is reading. Manus asks Sarah whom he should pick; this shows that he considers her view to be important. The way Jimmy acts in this part of the play makes you feel that he is very intellectual but he is living his life in a book, he feels he is almost a

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been Versus Smooth Talk

The saying goes the only difference between a tragedy and a comedy is the ending. Meaning no matter how tragic or comedic a story begins, the ending is what determines what type of story was told (thus what genre it falls in). This concept of endings is greatly exemplified through the comparison of the short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates and the film the story was based on called Smooth Talk. Both works contain an abundance of similarities but, due to slight yet critical changes made, the two stories become very different in their underlying themes/genre.The two stories differ in aspects such as (obviously) the title, character traits (i. e. June), certain plot details and most importantly the endings. They differ completely. The difference in endings change a horror story inspired by a real serial killer to a coming of age film for the American teenage girl. The short story Where Are You Going Where Have You Been like all short stories is short The short story is a total of twelve pages long and begins with roughly a two page description on Connie and her family.The short yet informational background helps the reader realize Connie is the typical fifteen year old girl whose main priorities are the same as most fifteen year old girls: need for attention, boys, and looks.. One day she doesn’t listen to her family and decides to stay home instead of bonding with her family at a relative’s barbeque.Connie’s fate begins its dark and bleak road when, like most horror stories, is home alone and a stranger comes to the house. The strangers name is Arnold Friend and his intentions though unclear at first, become more and more evident as the conversation between him and Connie unravels.Arnold talks in a tone that is both alluring and vicious, he tells Connie information about herself that just seems impossible for him to know giving him the characteristic of a hellish creature that sees all ( like the devil). Ar nold appears to have put Connie in a Dracula like dazed charm which makes her eventually get in his car where the story comes to an abrupt end. Though the ending is ambiguous, Connie is raped and killed by the monster Arnold Friend, or an old fiend (if one removes all the letter r’s in his name).Though the ending is vague, it is still haunting and horrific in the way that an evil creature posing as a teenager targets/abducts a young girl, violates her then kills her. This story is every parent’s nightmare and the scariest part about it is how achievable a heinous act like this is. The definition of horror is an overwhelming and painful feeling caused by something frightfully shocking, terrifying, or revolting; the ending of Oates’ short story does just that. The ending is gloomy, sad, and horrific which makes this story a horror story.Like most horror stories a lesson is taught, if one lies to their parents and act naughty, they’ll will eventually meet th e devil. The Film Smooth Talk starring Laura Dern, revolves around the same characters from the story Joyce Carol Oates wrote about, but takes a different approach. Smooth Talk is a ninety minute film based on a twelve page short story so it’s a no brainer that scenes were prolonged and added. The scenes that were prolonged/added do not focus on Oates’ Arnold Friend, but rather takes a more in-depth look at Connie’s family life.In the short story we are told certain characteristics of Connie’s family but, nothing more than that; nothing to make the mother, father or her sister June significant characters in the story. The story by Oates breifly touches on the subject of Connie and her mother not getting along, while the film constantly revolves around this mother-daughter conflict. Smooth Talk chooses to focus and explore more on the dysfunction between Connie and her family (especially the one with her mother) rather than for example finding out more abo ut the character Arnold Friend.After about an hour and ten minutes watching Connie’s naive adolescent persona constantly creating turmoil in her house, are we then introduced to the film’s antagonist, Arnold Friend. The confrontation between Arnold and Connie go exactly as they do in the short story, with one big exception, the story doesn’t end once Connie gets in the car. In Smooth talk, much like the short story, Arnold does indeed rape Connie, however, afterwards he returns her home alive. Once returned home, Connie’s naà ¯ve self centered take on life seems to have been left in the field Arnold molested her at.Connie walks toward the house where she is lovingly greeted by her remorseful mother apologizing for slapping her in an earlier scene. She has experienced the horrors of the outside world and realizes the good life and safety her family provides for her. The last scene in Smooth talk ends with Connie sitting in her room, not looking outside bu t, looking in. Then her sister June walks in, and instead of the two butting heads like they did throughout the entire film, Connie embraces her and they start dancing.What this nding shows is that the Connie from Smooth Talk, is no longer wishing to ‘be old enough to drive so she can leave her home’. She experienced the ‘harsh cruel world’ that Eddie from the earlier diner scene was talking about.Most importantly is this ending is not sad or monotonic, it is happy and hopeful, the complete opposite of the story it is based on What Smooth talk ends up being isn’t a horror story like Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been but, a story of a typical all knowing teenager who learns the hard way just how important family after she gets in a situation she can’t smooth talk her way out of.Although Smooth Talk is based on Oates’ short story, by the end of each story and because of the end, what one has is two completely different stories. One story is for a parent to scare their daughter straight, the other is to remind them that in life no matter what, one will always have family.

MooBella Case Study Essay

1. What categories of costs would you expect to see in a list of MooBella start-up costs? The categories of costs I would expect to see in a list of MooBella start-up costs are: – Owner’s salary – Employee wages and benefits – Computers, internet, telephone, and other technology – Promotion, advertising, web site hosting – Professional services – Insurance – Debt service – Taxes – Maintenance – Legal/accounting fees – Supplies 2. It took nearly 20 years from idea to market for MooBella. Clearly, it had a long development and start-up period. Reflect on the emotional and other nonmonetary factors that were likely involved for Bruce Ginsberg. MooBella was a seemingly simple concept that was technically complex and cost nearly $85 million in investment capital. Ginsberg was faced with many challenges with the research, development and start-up processes. The machines themselves were very costly, costing approximately $40,000 per machine, and it took 5 years to develop the computer portion alone. 3. What was the mix of funds used by MooBella to get started? Some of the start-up funding included: – Saturn Asset Management–$25 million in equity (2000-2005) – Inventages (Swiss venture firm)–$15 million in 2007 and $18 million in 2009 – Bruce Ginsberg–$1 million – W Health LP–$9 million (November 2010) – Debt–$17.5 million in high-interest loans and convertible notes 4. What are the start-up costs that you would expect to encounter if you were a company that purchased a MooBella machine? I would expect the cost of buying the machine itself, the supplies for the ice cream the machine dispenses, taxes, maintenance, if I buy multiple machines for different locations and hire people to refill and maintain them then employee wages, and debt if I cannot pay out of pocket.

Globe Limited Model of Organizational Behavior

Globe Limited Model of Organizational Behavior Introduction Organizational behavior is the field of study that focuses on application of knowledge to solve organizational problems. It pertains to how individuals and groups behave in the organization. The concept of organizational behavior utilizes the system approach to address various problems afflicting the organization. It interprets the relationships between workers and the organization in order to determine the position of the firm in the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Globe Limited Model of Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aim of organizational behavior is to create a superior relationship by realizing individual objectives, organizational aims and social objectives. The field encompasses a wide range of topics including human behavior, transformation, leadership and teamwork. Organizational behavior holds that employees should be guided by organization’s philosop hies, values and goals. Organizational principles should drive organizational culture, which consist of formal and informal associations, as well as social environment. Organizational culture determines leadership style, nature of organizational communication and group dynamics. Furthermore, employees view organizational culture as the value of life, which influences their motivation in the organization. The results of good management is high performance, employee satisfaction and individual growth and improvement in the organization. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of organizational behavior in increasing sales at the globe limited. The organization should adopt some models and theories in order to encourage its salespersons to achieve maximum benefits for the organization. The paper looks at some theories that are related to organizational behavior as well as techniques of motivating salespersons. The paper concludes that Globe limited must adopt supportive and collegial mod els of organizational behavior in order to realize its objectives. The organization must keep off from autocratic model, which suggests that employees must be forced to deliver positive results. Even though there is a problem at the company, the management must consider other techniques of motivating workers and adopt autocratic model as the last resort. Importance of Motivation Motivation is critical to management in the organization because it puts human resources into action. Each objective demands that physical, monetary and human resources are organized in order to realize it. Scholars have established that it is only through motivation that human resources can be used maximally. Motivation instills the spirit of willingness and cooperation in employees. Employees might be able but unwilling to use their proficiencies to achieve organizational goals and aims. Motivation would allow Globe limited to make use of both human and capital resources.Advertising Looking for ess ay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, motivation would improve the efficiency of salespersons, which would lead to high performance. Effectiveness of employees does not only rely on their academic qualifications and capabilities (Murphy 43). Motivation helps in filling the gap between capability and willingness. Through motivation, salespersons would improve their productivity, the firm would reduce the costs of operations and finally overall efficiency could be realized at the Globe limited. Nonetheless, motivation leads to realization of organizational goals and objectives because organizational goals are only achieved when there is efficient use of human resources and teamwork. This means that salespersons at the Globe limited should be goal-directed in order to behave in a purposive manner. Therefore, goals can be attained if harmonization and teamwork occurs concurrently, which ca n only happen through motivation. Recent researches show that motivation builds friendly relationships among employees. It naturally follows that motivation is a significant aspect of employee satisfaction. Top managers at the Globe limited should always remember this aspect and try to frame an appealing incentive plan that would benefit sales persons. In this regard, scholars have established some plans that can be used to motivate employees, which include financial and non-monetary inducements, promotion opportunities and sanctions for non-performing salespersons. Policy makers at the Globe limited must adopt these plans in order to motivate salespersons to perform better. Adoption of the above plans would guarantee effective collaboration, which might bring about constancy in the organization hence boosting sales. Unnecessary conflicts and inconsistencies among employees would be eliminated through adoption of the plans. Globe limited could be facing difficulties because some emp loyees are against change. The above plans could allow some employees to accept change and aspire to fulfill the wishes of the employer. Finally, motivation, especially monetary inducement, would allow salespersons to align their interests to those of the organization. The outcome of both financial and no-monetary motivation would be profit maximization because of increased productivity. Motivation encourages stability in the organization because it promotes a good reputation and benevolence. In fact, research confirms that employees’ loyalty is tied to the actions of the management. If employees are involved in decision-making processes, they tend to take active roles in the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Globe Limited Model of Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Salespersons are tempted to develop extra-skills that they can use to convince customers to accept Globeâ€℠¢s products. Customers are encouraged to buy Globe’s products because of the assurances from salespersons not the company. In this respect, changing employees’ perception is critical to the performance of any organization. Motivated employees are easy to convince and manipulate. From the above analysis, it is noted that motivation is a complex concept that can only be understood by the management. Motivation is related to internal feelings, which makes it hard for any individual to understand its nature. Only managers can comprehend it because they are usually in close contact with employees. Therefore, managers are supposed to frame sound motivation plans that can boost sales at the Globe limited. It is also true that motivation is a continuous process mainly because it is based on limited needs. Increasing Sales Some actions, programs, conditions and incentives can be employed by the management to improve sales at the Globe limited. One of the actions is making use o f what is under control in the organization. The salespersons have the ability to influence buyers to purchase company products. This calls for careful handling of customers, by taking care of their demands. Some customers have no time to meet or talk to the sales team but the salespersons must strategize in order to be awarded some time by customers. In case a customer decides to talk to one of the salespersons, maximum time must be awarded to such a customer. This would give the salesperson a chance to convince the customer to accept company products. It is believed that the more the salesperson spends time with the customer, the more he/she makes sales. Whenever a salesperson handles a customer, he/she must present him/her self in the best way possible. Customers are influenced by the seller’s attitude and impression. In this case, customers must be handled with all the care that they deserve. Their concerns must be addressed fully and salespersons should always have posit ive impressions towards customers. Salespersons must be taken through orientations in order to be able to differentiate between potential and stubborn customers. Some customers may perhaps inquire about products but they do not intend to buy them. Another action would be encouraging salespersons to familiarize themselves with the company’s products, as well as competitor’s goods and services. This would help salespersons to be prepared than their competitors in the market. Through this strategy, sales persons would be ready to answer any question from customers touching on Globe’s limited products. However, this cannot be achieved unless salespersons are made to trust and believe in company products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Motivation Theories A number of theories have been formulated to explain the conduct of employees in relation to motivation in an organization. Surprisingly, not all theories have the same postulations hence it is the role of managers to apply the best. These theories apply well under different circumstances. It should be remembered that there is no a powerful theory than others. Fredrick Winslow Tailor formulated the first theory at around 1856 to 1917. The scholar observed that workers are motivated by financial incentives. The theory was coined within the context of scientific management. The theory notes that workers are not interested in working because of various reasons. In this regard, they should be monitored closely to ensure that they comply with the company’s rules and regulations. For efficient supervision, managers should group workers into small units. Each unit is assigned a specific task and a deadline for each task is put in place. Tailor suggested that work ers should be paid according to their productivity. The less productive workers are subjected to sanctions such as demotion and salary cuts while hardworking employees are given salary increment and promotion. Each employee would be encouraged to work hard in order to keep away from negative sanctions and try to win the confidence of managers (Cofer and Appley 90). Tailor’s theory is closely related to autocratic theory of administration. At the Globe limited, Dave should apply this theory as the last resort. The model is however successful because Ford utilized it in Europe and realized high results. Globe limited can also use it successfully, especially after other techniques have failed. Dave should in fact embrace Mayo’s theory, which argues that employees are not simply interested in money. Other social needs can easily distract workers from their tasks. Dave must identify that workers are human beings whose performance rely on satisfaction. Economic contentment i s not the only type of happiness that workers pursue. Other things must be considered carefully. Mayo suggests that improving communication would be helpful in boosting sales. There must be clear lines of authority and workers must have a way of airing their views and concerns. Furthermore, Davies must participate actively in sales because it boosts the morale of employees. Mayo supports Tailor’s sentiments that workers should be encouraged to work in groups that is, forming a team with clear objectives. Maslow was not far from Mayo’s ideas when he formulated his theory that is closely related to human relations theory. In fact, his theory is referred to as Neo-human relations school. The theory focuses on psychological needs of workers. According to Maslow, employees aspire to fulfill five human needs. The needs are hierarchically arranged meaning that one is fulfilled after the other. Workers are motivated to fulfill the higher need in the hierarchy after the lower n eed in the hierarchy is fully met. Maslow posits that psychological needs such as hunger and thirst are met first. An employee dying of hunger would work hard to acquire basic salary that would help him/her obtain basic needs such as food. It is therefore the role of managers to identify the needs of each worker and move on to fulfill them. In this respect, not all employees are motivated at the same time. Therefore, managers need to learn the character of each employee in order to design an appropriate incentive. Learning Theory Apart from motivation theories, scholars have also formulated social learning theory to explain the behavior of workers in organizations. The theory postulates that human behavior can be explained in terms of continuous reciprocal interactions among cognitive, behavioral and ecological determinants. The theorists holding this view observe that an individual is not dependent. Therefore, the environment influences his/her behavior. In every organization, an i ndividual has to follow some laid down regulations. This is achieved through learning, which takes time. Unless employees are given time to adjust accordingly, they cannot deliver in their work. The management must therefore realize this and try to help workers to adjust. Dave must learn the experience of each salesperson and award tasks basing on qualifications. Some employees could have attained their experiences in different settings, which are incompatible to the existing environment (Ishmael 76). Dave must investigate this and act immediately in case sales are to increase. Human beings have five capabilities that are used in strengthening skills and knowledge. The first one is symbolizing, which is concerned about processing visual experiences. This helps an employee to sharpen his/her wits in future. Another important technique is forethought that enables workers to plan their actions in advance. Other capabilities include observation, self-regulation and self-reflection. Cof er, Charles and Appley, Mortimer. Motivation: Theory and Research. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons, 1967. Ishmael, Jones. The Human Factor: Inside the CIAs Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture. New York: Encounter Books, 2008. Murphy, Jim. Inner Excellence. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.